Unveiling the effect of Inflammatory Cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in Breast Cancer prevalence and progression

Abstract

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women globally. Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women. Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality for breast cancer patients. In Bihar, there are so many cases of Breast Cancer patients found but most of them collected near the Gangetic plane. Also, we compared the real data of Breast cancer patients from the data available on TCGA. We performed comparison of the trend of ER, PR, and HER-2 expression trend in both data. This research has highlighted the significant role of inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment, particularly tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). These cytokines are implicated in various stages of breast cancer development, including tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. TNF-α helps to promote tumor growth through enhancing processes such as angiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis. IL-6 and IL-1β contribute to cancer cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to therapy by activating key signaling pathways like the JAK/STAT pathway. This research reveals the roles of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in breast cancer, and sheds light on how they affect the tumor microenvironment and the course of the illness. These cytokines contribute to breast cancer progression and may help to produce targeted therapy and open up new options for individualized treatment plans