Discovery of leptin has changed the view of adipose tissue from energy storehouse to active neuroendocrine and immune organ. Adipokineleptin is a16 kDa amino acid protein, encoded by LEP gene, secreted by adipose tissue, and acts through leptin receptor which is a cytokine receptor. Leptin is a central regulator of energy homeostasis by regulating food intake, appetite, satiety and basal metabolism. Leptin acts at each level of hypothalamus pituitary gonadal axis (HPG) and has a key role in initiation, progression of pubertal events and sexual maturation. Leptin acts directly at testicular level and affects the spermatogenesis, sperm quality and capacitation thus have important role in male reproduction and fertility. Leptin receptors are present on every cell involved in innate and adaptive immunity and regulate the functions of these cells. Leptin acts as common link between energy homeostasis, reproduction, stress responses and immune system by modulating common complex neuronal circuits. Leptin is implicated in pathogenesis of multiple disorders like obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Systemic Lupus Erythematosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, male infertility and other chronic inflammatory disorders. Therapies based on modulating the functions of leptin can be the key area of research in future for treatment of these chronic disorders.
Acid labile linkers have been used widely for various biomedical applications with preferential applications in drug delivery. In this report, we have synthesized, glycerol based b-thiopropionate esters having an acid-labile β-thiopropionate linker with Michael addition reaction between hydrophobic thiol and hydrophilic tri-glycerol diacrylate. The solvent free reaction and purification by simply solvent extraction instead of any sophisticated chromatographic techniques provide an upper edge for their application in biomedical or other fields. These β-thiopropionate esters can potentially be used for the delivery and release of hydrophobic drugs at acidic sites particularly in cancer cells.
Justicia adhatoda L. is an Indian medicinal plant traditionally used to treat respiratory ailments in Ayurvedic and Unani medicines. It is widespread in the Indian subcontinent. The plant leaves are known to have broad range of pharmacological activities including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and antibacterial properties. Some studies have highlighted the antimicrobial effects of its major bioactive components like vasicine and vasicinone However, not much work has been done to explore the enormous benefits that the bioactive components might hold. Hence, in the present study, we explored the plant for its potential as an effective anti- mycobacterial agent. We aim to investigate the antimycobacterial effect of J. adhatoda L. plant leaf extracts on Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) and identify, and isolate th bioactive component(s) for the plant leaf extract. The isolated components were also analyzed further for their antimycobacterial activity in synergy with Isoniazid. The leaves of J. adhatoda L. were powdered and extracted with ethanol, water, ethyl acetate, and hexane and antimycobacterial activity was assessed by MABA. The ethanol extract showed >96% and 98% reduction in colony-forming units (CFU) at 100µg/ml on Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) respectively. Active phytoconstituent from ethanol extract was isolated and further fractionated via Prep-TLC. They were bioassayed against M. smegmatis and M. bovis (BCG) to study cytotoxicity, synergy, and external damage on the bacteria. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were carried out on treated bacilli to observe the external and internal cellular damage. The isolated fractions showed strong anti-mycobacterial activity, with low cytotoxicity and synergism when used with isoniazid. When subjected to electron microscopy, the fractions were found to adversely affect the cell wall and membrane of BCG, causing cytoplasmic leakage. Our study demonstrated that the active fractions isolated from J. adhatoda L. could be evaluated further for potentially effective anti-mycobacterial agents.
A special thematic issue meant to cover the various aspects of emerging infectious diseases, problems, and solutions to deal with possible infections of future.
Amidst the present pandemic, there has been a lot of talk about the role of immunity in handling the outbreak. A sudden surge of information on various aspects of immunity in infections has ignited curiosity and awareness among the common people about the role and scope of immunity.
The University of Delhi, Daulat Ram College ( https://dr.du.ac.in ) hosted a 3-day International Conference on “Infections and Immunity” on 8-10 Oct 2021 with aim towards a global collaboration between scientists, research scholars and students working on various aspects of immunology from different research organizations, medical institutions, NGOs, and reputed Universities, to share their ideas and discuss the solutions. The selected full length articles from speakers, participants and other scholars will be published in special thematic issue.
This special issue is meant to cover the various aspects of emerging infectious diseases, problems, and solutions to deal with possible infections of future. It will bring together the knowledge of the paradigms of infectious diseases and the recent researches related to this area including the role of both innate and acquired immunity. It also aims to explore the role of vaccine and the challenges in vaccine development against the infectious agents. The special issue will include articles on recent therapeutic and diagnostic tools in tackling infections, developments and challenges in vaccine and immunity with emphasis on most recent research findings.
Themes of special issue and associated Session of Conference are:
Infections: Bacterial, Viral and parasitic
Vaccine design and efficacy of immune system
Immune system and cancer
Genomic surveillance of infection agents
Role of Artificial intelligence in disease treatment
COVID-19 treatment and Management
Guest editors
Dr. Indrakant K. Singh, Associate Professor, Zoology Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi
Dr. Rajesh Pandey Associate Professor, (AcSIR) Principal Scientist, (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi
Coordinated by Dr. Jyoti Taneja Zoology Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi.
Dr. Sonika Sharma Department of Zoology Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi.
A long term Cell Culture and Insect Extracts T.N.Bankar1 and R.S.Pandit
Recommended for : JBTS / JIST
HIV infection and vaccine Dr. RAJNI ARORA SWAMI SHRADDHANAND COLLEGE, ALIPUR, (UNIVERSITY OF DELHI), DELHI-110036
Recommended for : JBTS / JIST
Prevention and management of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus- 2 (SARS CoV-2) through endogenous Nitric Oxide production during Bhramari Pranayama- A review Chitra Chand,1 Dhananjoy Shaw,2* Vinod Kumar Katiyar3
One of the first-line therapy of diabetes mellitus is alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Due to side effects caused by synthetic drugs and limited sources, various studies have been conducted on herbal plants and macroalgae consisting of bioactive compounds with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. This study examines the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and phytochemical compounds in ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of Bornetella oligospora, an abundant green alga in eastern Indonesia. The result showed that ethanol and ethyl acetate extract of Bornetella oligospora contained phytochemical components such as flavonoid, glycoside, triterpenoid, and steroid. The thin layer chromatography test showed ethanol extract have five spots with Rf 0.545, 0.527, 0.5, 0.473, and 0.154, while the ethyl acetate extract has two spots with Rf 0.58 and 0.64. The alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay showed IC50 values of the ethanol extract was 11.702 ug/mL and ethyl acetate extract was 95.384 ug/mL. In conclusion, Bornetella oligospora extract has the potential as an antidiabetic agent.
Siswanto, M. A., Paramita, R. I., Fadilah, F., & Poerwaningsih, E. H. (2021). Phytochemical and in vitro analysis of Bornetella oligospora extract as alpha-Glucosidase inhibitor. Chemical Biology Letters, 8(1), 40–44. https://pubs.thesciencein.org/journal/index.php/cbl/article/view/120
Effect of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis on lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress induced by ambient air exposure was studied. Wistar albino rats were exposed to ambient air was administered with astaxanthin in doses varying between 0.5 to 2% of food intake. Various biological parameters like ALT, AST, ALP, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase, were estimated biochemically and the expression of Nrf2 and glutathione peroxidase genes were estimated by reverse transcriptase PCR. Plasma ALT, AST, ALP, MDA and the activity of antioxidant enzymes; SOD, GRd, catalase were found increased significantly in ambient air exposed rats. Ambient air exposure decreased the levels of glutathione, non protein thiols and GPx expression whereas total thiols and expression of Nrf2 increased. However the concurrent administration of astaxanthin was found to reverse these changes in a dose dependent manner. The results of this study revealed the ability of astaxanthin to alleviate liver toxicity and oxidative stress induced by ambient air exposure and points to the possibility of developing astaxanthin as a dietary supplement that reduce the ill effect of toxic chemicals from ambient air.
Johnson, J. P., Renganthan, S., Menon, A., & Pillai, R. G. (2021). Beneficial impacts of Astaxanthin on Biomarkers of Antioxidant status and oxidative damage in Rats exposed to Ambient air. Chemical Biology Letters, 8(1), 1–9. https://pubs.thesciencein.org/journal/index.php/cbl/article/view/158
Special issue on Biosensors: materials and methods
Lead 20 program
Any deviation or imbalance from homeostatic state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions in living systems, generally falls under category of disease. Chances of bringing them back to normalcy or closer to healthier state with therapeutic interventions are found to be more successful when they are applied at very early stage. Biosensing has emerged as a process to achieve early detection of deviations in such homeostatic states via evaluation of physiological, chemical, or biomolecular parameters in the subjects. The two main components on which efficiency of biosensors rely are materials used as platform technology and methods of detection used for the task. In this issue we will be assembling recent advancements in the field of Biosensors in terms of used materials and methods in achieving high sensitivity, specificity and predictability in form of original research.
Topic Editor
Santosh Misra, Ph.D. Dept of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, IIT Kanpur, U.P., IN
Schedule – The dates
Article Submission: January 31, 2022 (Processing – ‘as we go’ model) Issue completion: May 30, 2022
Field – Research area Biosensors NanoMedicine & Biomaterials NanoChemistry and Chemistry Materials NanoScience Nanotechnology Polymer and Functional Materials Materials Science
This special issue is under the Lead 20 program where leading scientists/academicians in the above field with well established lab, good publication record (an online link in form is required) and are under the age of 40 will be eligible to participate in this compilation. The editor will choose the best leading scholars from all the submitted entries (selection will be at abstract submission level as well as at full article level through peer review.
Authors / Abstracts
This is new recent Topic announced, the list of authors/abstracts will be updated here. This is an open invitations for interested researchers to submit the abstract for this topic. Submit the abstract with detail below:
The abstract details can also be forwarded directly to topic editor or editorial office at pubs @ thesciencein (dot) org
Male reproduction and its intricate neuroimmunoendocrine regulations open a wide scope of scientific interventions. Male infertility, being responsible for about half of the overall global infertility cases, represents a complex pathophysiological mechanism. Crosstalk among the endogenous immune and endocrine mediators may affect male gonadal functions. Since male reproduction is fine-tuned by orchestrated regulation of reproductive hormones and immune regulators, a better understanding of these chemical regulations will potentiate further research in this direction.
This issue aims to summarize the current knowledge on the hormonal and immunological regulations of male reproductive functions in physiological and pathophysiological conditions of male reproduction.
Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:
Energy homeostasis and male reproduction
Immunoendocrine regulation of male reproductive functions
Adipokines and energy metabolism in male fertility
Obesity and male infertility: energy imbalance to inflammation
Endocrine regulation of epigenetics of reproductive tract inflammation
Altered energy metabolism and immune regulation in aged men
Pallav Sengupta, PhD Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences MAHSA University [pallav@mahsa.edu.my; pallav_cu@yahoo.com]
Sulagna Dutta, PhD Department of Physiology Faculty of Dentistry MAHSA University [duttasulagna@mahsa.edu.my; sulagna_dutta11@yahoo.com]
Submission
Article (Research articles and Review Articles) should be submitted online on the journal site http://www.pubs.thesciencein.org/journal/index.php/cbl as per author guidelines. Authors need to indicate submission to special issue in cover letter to editor.
The medicinal Chemistry, the science concerned with development of new drug molecules, has produced many new drug entities recently which has reached in the clinical trial stages of evaluation. This special issue is meant to cover the research advances in development of new drug molecules and science behind it (including molecular modeling and pharmaceutical science) along with the research advances with new molecules that has shown promising potential to move to clinical applications.
Medicinal Chemistry fraternity is invited to submit their manuscript (Research Articles, Review Articles, and Short Communications) for publication in the special issue.
Issue Editors:
Dr. Brijesh Rathi, Associate Editor Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007. India Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, MA 02139, USA EB,
Dr. Poonam, (Assistant Editor: Medicinal Chemistry)
Department of Chemistry, Miranda House
University of Delhi New Delhi, India
Submission
Article (Research articles and Review Articles) should be submitted online on the journal site http://www.pubs.thesciencein.org/journal/index.php/cbl as per author guidelines. Authors need to indicate submission to special issue in cover letter to editor.
Submission Deadline
October 16, 2021
Issue Publication
November 30 , 2021
There is no publication charges for publishing in special issue or in Chemical Biology Letters.
Editor recommended quality articles will be published with Diamond Open Access.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic syndrome, which occurs due to increased glucose levels in the human body. There has been lot of work in developing novel approaches to tackle this disease. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), one of the class-B G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), is a budding molecular target to design drugs for treating type 2 diabetes. In this review, authors have summarized the physiological actions of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and current available drugs based on GLP-1 RAs. Some of the exemplary studies in this area have been examined in detail. Authors conclude that development of degradation-resistant, long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists is a promising area of research and lot of work needs to be done to understand its mechanism of action.
