Category: Medicinal Chemistry

Present investigation aimed to study the antimycobacterial potential of Mentha piperita essential oil fractions, identify its active constituents by GC-MS and preparation of nanoemulsion from biologically active fraction. Four oil fractions (R1, R2, R3, R4) were collected during hydrodistillation of Mentha piperiata leaves and tested in the two of mycobacterial strains by conventional disc diffusion method. Oil fractions R2 and R3 demonstrated maximum zone of inhibition of 39 mm and 36 mm in Mycobacterium smegmatis, 33 mm and 31 mm in Mycobacterium bovis BCG respectively at a dilution of 75% in DMSO compared to standard drug isoniazid (23 mm in 4 µg/ml). GC-MS analysis of the most active fraction R2 reveals the presence of menthol (70.69%), isomenthone (14.63%) and neomenthol (6.82%) as major constituents. To enhance bioavailability of oil fraction, the nanoemulsions were prepared from R2 by sonication method. Nanoemulsions, N1 and N2 prepared by varying surfactant concentrations were tested in Mycobacterium bovis BCG using quantitative and colorimetric resazurin microtiter assay (REMA). Nanoemulsions, N1 and N2 have shown 97-100 % bacterial growth inhibition at 3.125 % concentration in the culture medium compared with the culture control.

URN:NBN:sciencein.cbl.2023.v10.507

Metformin is a widely used anti-diabetic drug that enhances glycaemic control by advancing the insulin sensitivity abatement of intestinal glucose absorption. Due to its versatility, it is also emerging as an abused drug leading to toxicity and fatal conditions. Detection of metformin with the existing qualitative and quantitative approaches necessitate complex and intricate instrumentation, fully facilitated laboratories, and trained scientist and technicians. Henceforth, in the current study, we have developed a hand-held electronic device-based detection system for metformin using the basic principles of spectrophotometry. It is based on the formation of a yellowish-green color complex (wavelength 680nm) which involves the oxidative coupling of 3-methyl 2-benzothiozoline hydrazone (MBTH) catalyzed by iron. The method developed has been optimized at different pH, reaction temperature, and reaction time and found to be specific, sensitive, and linear in the range of concentration 100-1000 µg/ml with the limit of detection (LOD) of 120.5 µg/ml.

URN:NBN:sciencein.cbl.2023.v10.486

Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases of recent times that causes several deaths every year. The disease variations in different parts of the world, the impact of available medical facilities, and other socio-economic factors have impacted the proper management of this disease. The comparative statistical data of cancer types like breast, prostate, colon, lung, lymph, blood, brain, and kidney cancers can be used to design treatment strategies and therapeutics development. With the advancement of science, several drugs besides diagnostic methods have emerged to control respective cancer and have assisted in curing this disease to some extent. The comparative statistics analysis for cancer about current prevalence is included here to bring a clear framework for the efforts towards future drug development to manage this disease. The availability of new diagnostics and therapeutics and advanced medical facilities in clinics impact cancer statistics. An evaluation of current trends and statistics of cancer pathology vis-à-vis theranostics (diagnostics as well as therapeutics) progress with possible application in clinical settings constitutes the core part of the discussion in this review.

URN:NBN:sciencein.cbl.2023.v10.451

We report the synthesis and characterization of a series of metal complexes of bivalent Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc and Palladium with novel Schiff base ligand 4-((4-isopropoxybenzylidene)amino)-5-propyl-4H-3-thiol-1,2,4-triazole (IBPT). The ligand (IBPT) was derived by the condensation reaction of 4-isopropoxybenzaldehyde and 4-amino-5-propyl-3-thiol-1,2,4-triazole and characterised by IR and proton(¹H) NMR spectroscopic techniques. The complexes have been investigated using characterised Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron spin resonance (ESR), UV−visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. Based on the comparative analysis of IR and NMR data of ligand and metal complexes, it has been suggested that the ligand chelates with metal ions in a bidentate fashion via N (azomethine) and S (thiol) atoms. Elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moments and redox behaviour of complexes have also been studied. In addition, Tauc’s formula has been employed to determine the optical bandgap of complexes using the electronic spectral data. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed the number of coordinated water molecules and thermal stability of metal complexes. Various thermodynamic and kinetic parameters have been evaluated with the help of thermal data using Coats- Redfern method. The octahedral environment of divalent Cobalt, Nickel and Zinc complexes while square planner structure of Copper and Palladium complexes was elucidated with the help of spectroscopic data. Moreover, in-vitro antimicrobial activities of Schiff base ligand and its complexes were estimated against four pathogenic bacterial (two Gram Positive, two Gram negative) and three fungal strains (C. Albicans, A. Niger and A. Clavatus). The biological outcomes ensure the convenient utility of these novel complex as antimicrobial agents.

URN:NBN:sciencein.cbl.2022.v9.407

The one-pot synthesis of some novel imidazole-isoxazole hybrids (5a-5n) and their in vitro antibacterial evaluation against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus was described herein. Among all, compounds 5f, 5g, 5i and 5j displayed greater zone of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus than the standard streptomycin. Besides, compounds 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j and 5k displayed higher zone of inhibition towards Bacillus subtilis than the standard. Lastly, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies of active compounds 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j and 5k showed that the compounds 5i and 5j having lesser MIC values on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis than the standard.

URN:NBN:sciencein.cbl.2022.v9.425

Intracerebral haemorrhage is the condition of bleeding inside the brain, either spontaneous or traumatic. Though this form of stroke accounts to only about 15% of the cases, the mortality rate is the highest. People with stroke associated with ICH very rarely regain functional independence. The post-stroke complications are due to the extending loss of vascular integrity leading to prolonged secondary inflammation. Early detection of biomarkers associated with the condition and the efficacy of these biomarkers to depict the prognostic rate become essential tools for the clinicians to handle patients with ICH. Development of in vivo models that can simulate the intricate pathophysiology of the condition can add up new biomarkers that serve diagnostic and prognostic purposes.

URN:NBN:sciencein.cbl.2022.v9.408

The synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazoles of Nilutamide (4a–4n) via Cu(I)-promoted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between several terminal alkynes and 1-(3-azidopropyl)-5,5-dimethyl-3-(4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione have been reported herein. In vitro anticancer activity studies of these synthesized compounds over two human prostate cell lines PC3 and DU-145 revealed that the compounds 4c, 4f and 4n exhibit slightly greater activity against two cell lines than the standard etoposide. Predominantly, the compound 4f displayed excellent activity over PC3 and DU-145 having IC₅₀ values of 1.84and 1.34 μM respectively. The three most potent compounds 4c, 4f and 4n were also investigated for their inhibitory potential against tyrosine kinase EGFR and found that compound 4f showed superior activity than the standard erlotinib, while remaining two compounds 4c and 4n showed comparable activity with the standard.

URN:NBN:sciencein.cbl.2022.v9.405

Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases of recent times that causes several deaths every year. The disease variations in different parts of the world, the impact of available medical facilities, and other socio-economic factors have impacted the proper management of this disease. The comparative statistical data of cancer types like breast, prostate, colon, lung, lymph, blood, brain, and kidney cancers can be used to design treatment strategies and therapeutics development. With the advancement of science, several drugs besides diagnostic methods have emerged to control respective cancer and have assisted in curing this disease to some extent. The comparative statistics analysis for cancer about current prevalence is included here to bring a clear framework for the efforts towards future drug development to manage this disease. The availability of new diagnostics and therapeutics and advanced medical facilities in clinics impact cancer statistics. An evaluation of current trends and statistics of cancer pathology vis-à-vis theranostics (diagnostics as well as therapeutics) progress with possible application in clinical settings constitutes the core part of the discussion in this review.

URN:NBN:sciencein.cbl.2023.v10.451

We report the synthesis and characterization of a series of metal complexes of bivalent Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc and Palladium with novel Schiff base ligand 4-((4-isopropoxybenzylidene)amino)-5-propyl-4H-3-thiol-1,2,4-triazole (IBPT). The ligand (IBPT) was derived by the condensation reaction of 4-isopropoxybenzaldehyde and 4-amino-5-propyl-3-thiol-1,2,4-triazole and characterised by IR and proton(¹H) NMR spectroscopic techniques. The complexes have been investigated using characterised Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron spin resonance (ESR), UV−visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. Based on the comparative analysis of IR and NMR data of ligand and metal complexes, it has been suggested that the ligand chelates with metal ions in a bidentate fashion via N (azomethine) and S (thiol) atoms. Elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moments and redox behaviour of complexes have also been studied. In addition, Tauc’s formula has been employed to determine the optical bandgap of complexes using the electronic spectral data. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed the number of coordinated water molecules and thermal stability of metal complexes. Various thermodynamic and kinetic parameters have been evaluated with the help of thermal data using Coats- Redfern method. The octahedral environment of divalent Cobalt, Nickel and Zinc complexes while square planner structure of Copper and Palladium complexes was elucidated with the help of spectroscopic data. Moreover, in-vitro antimicrobial activities of Schiff base ligand and its complexes were estimated against four pathogenic bacterial (two Gram Positive, two Gram negative) and three fungal strains (C. Albicans, A. Niger and A. Clavatus). The biological outcomes ensure the convenient utility of these novel complex as antimicrobial agents.

URN:NBN:sciencein.cbl.2022.v9.407