A flexible dual-H shape monopole antenna with dual H shape EBG for WBAN

Abstract

This paper introduces compact dual H-shaped antenna that incorporates an innovative dual H-shaped electromagnetic bandgap structure (EBG),  designed for 2.4 GHz applications within the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, particularly for wearable technologies. The design features a, flexible, robust antenna tailored to come across the requirements of wearable applications. Both dual H-shaped antenna and the 3x3 dual H-shaped EBG array were simulated using Ansys HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator). The simulation results justified by experimental measurements. The efficacy of the EBG structure in mitigating surface waves and lowering the specific absorption rate (SAR) is demonstrated through simulations with a four-layer human body model, showing measured SAR values are well within the regulatory limits. Furthermore, the antenna's performance was assessed under bending and on-body conditions.