Herbal nanomedicine interactions to enhance pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic index for better bioavailability and biocompatibility of herbal formulations

Abstract

Nanomedicine of herbs: Peoperties and Issues in application development

The recent developments in nanotechnology have unlocked new avenues in current research and play a key role in upgrading the therapeutic index of phytomedicine and herbal remedies. The systematically developed nanoparticles are highly capable of enhancing the possibilities of the development of novel herbal-nanomedicine (HNM). The nanoformulations can overcome the problems that persisted in the old-style herbal remedies. The rigors survey of the reported literature evidenced that researchers have analyzed the interactions between nanomaterials and herbal remedies extensively to understand HNM interface and herbal interaction, and to find out various features of the enriched phytochemicals and herbal remedies such as bioavailability, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic index. The full-fledged formulation has all the active ingredients required for an emerging HNM formulation in the form of nano dosage. These formulated doses have a higher therapeutic index compared to the earlier phytochemicals and herbal remedies. The assessment converses nanoscale herbal-nanomedicine as a potential therapeutic option and the drug delivery carrier. By employing ultramodern techniques and using the current knowledge required for the advancement of HNM, it is possible to enhance the therapeutic index of the herbal remedies. Finally, the novel HNM formulation can be a reality. To overcome the associated problems that existed in the improvement's route, the clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, several efforts have been done in the past. The interrelated findings have been included in the discussion. The therapeutic profile of HNM have been underlined including various pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters i.e. absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. These facts were listed as per the principles and entitlement of the therapeutic index. These parameters are important and necessarily required for the innovation of the non-toxic and novel herbal-nanomedicine.