Neurotoxic chemistry: Unraveling the chemical mechanisms connecting environmental toxin exposure to neurological disorders

Abstract

The environmental pollution poses a serious global health risk, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates. Neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Schizophrenia, ALS, and Huntington’s disease, are increasingly prevalent and are characterized by both structural and functional abnormalities in neurons of the brain and the spinal cord. Understanding neuro-impact of environmental toxins is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. This review article investigates the complex interactions between environmental toxins and neurological health, focusing on their role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Key mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and, disruption of neurotransmitter systems. It highlights the pathways through which these toxins exert their effects, presents epidemiological evidence linking toxin exposure to neurological disorders, and discusses the potential public health implications. By elucidating these connections, the paper aims to enhance understanding of the environmental determinants of neurological health.