Bioremediation of Arsenic metal from water and soil by Bacillus species - A review

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62110/sciencein.jist.2025.v13.1038Keywords:
Bioremediation, heavy metal, Arsenic, Microorganism, Metal toxicity, Arsenic toxicity, toxic metal removal methodsAbstract
Water pollution due to presence of arsenic (As), is a serious problem worldwide since it can cause several diseases such as cancer, gastrointestinal disorders, enlarged liver, spleen disorders and cardiovascular diseases etc. The current techniques for cleaning waters have limitations, such as producing toxic sludge, requiring a lot of labour, and being costly. Therefore, new techniques that are cost-effective and efficient are required. Arsenic (As) bioremediation using arsenic-resistant microorganisms through volatilization, phytoextraction, biosorption and bioaccumulation has proven to be a very effective method. Bioremediation is an environmentally safe and effective procedure. Numerous investigations have been carried out about the molecular mechanism behind microorganism mediated arsenic (As) bioremediation. This has helped us better understand how microorganisms and arsenic (As) interact and work to reduce and remove environmental arsenic (As) pollution. Among the different bacterial genera actively participating in bioremediation of arsenic in the environment, the genus Bacillus has demonstrated exceptional capabilities due to its diverse biochemical and genetic routes. Model Gram-positive bacteria called Bacillus species have been the subject of lots of research due to their capacity for biosorption, the molecular mechanisms underlying their survival, and their capacity to eliminate and detoxify heavy metals. This review article has focus on the importance of Bacillus species for the removal of arsenic (As) from contaminated soil and water.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Sutapa Bhowmik, Shiv Charan Prajapati, Shravan Kumar, Kumari Priyanka, Reena Saxena

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