Restoration of biochemical alteration: Intervention of Gallic acid and Piperine against chronic stress in Danio rerio

Abstract

This study explores the antioxidant potential of Gallic acid (GA) and Piperine (PIP) in zebrafish subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The GA, a phenolic compound found in various fruits and plants, and PIP, a bioactive compound in black pepper, are known for their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. The research aimed at assessing their effects on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidative enzymes, Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Glutathione S transferase (GST) and on levels of Glutathione (GSH) as well. The results of present investigation revealed that CUMS significantly increased LPO and decreased the antioxidative enzyme activity. The treatment with GA and PIP, both individually and in combination, resulted in reduced LPO levels and increased enzyme activity alongside GSH levels. The combination therapy was particularly effective, showing more pronounced protective effects when compared to monotherapy. These findings suggest that GA and PIP can mitigate CUMS induced biochemical changes by scavenging reactive oxygen species. Therefore, this research highlights the potential of GA and PIP as safer alternatives for treating stress related disorders and underscores the need for further investigation into their mechanisms of action and clinical applications.