Exploring Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting MAPK Pathway Components: Focus on ERK, MEK1, and MEK2 Kinases in Cancer Treatment
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), also known as extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs), are found in numerous signal transduction pathways and are triggered by protein kinase cascades. This article will review the present state of MAPK pathway inhibitors, with an emphasis on the characteristics of tiny molecule blockers of the p38, MEK1, and MEK2 protein kinases. Many of these inhibitors have showed potential in experimental animal models of disease, and they are now being investigated in people for inflammatory and cancer diseases. Clinical trials are currently evaluating targeting a subset of cellular signaling cascades and signaling cascades that control pleiotropic cellular activity. These activities will have far-reaching consequences for the management of a wide range of disorders. The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK (ERK) pathway, on the other hand, is a clear therapeutic target because it is a common downstream route for a range of critical growth factor tyrosine kinase receptors that are frequently changed or overexpressed in human malignancies. Several new medicines that target this route have been discovered and are currently being tested in clinical studies. BAY 43-9006 is one of the most intriguing new agents. Although it was initially created as a Raf kinase inhibitor, it also has the ability to target Flt-3, c-Kit, and VEGFR-2, which helps to explain its antiproliferative and antiangiogenic characteristics. The ERK signaling system in normal and malignant tissue will be discussed in this paper, with a focus on emerging treatments that target the ERK cascade at the Raf kinase level.
Remodeling of membrane lipid homeostasis in azole resistant isolates of Candida albicans
Azole resistance mechanisms in Candida albicans infections majorly focus around the alteration of target enzymes, overexpression of efflux pump proteins, and changes in lipid metabolism. Our earlier lipidomic studies have linked changes in cellular lipid compositions to drug susceptibilities and phenotypic defects. This study investigates the relationship between whole cell and membrane lipid profiles in isogenic drug-susceptible and resistant isolates of C. albicans. We have examined the fatty acid and sterol snapshot lipidomics in whole cells, plasma membrane, and lipid rafts. Correlations were discovered between these lipid compositions and the observed drug resistance in C. albicans. Although the correlations drawn from cellular and plasma membrane data corroborate, understanding plasma membrane and suborganellar (rafts in this case) lipid changes may provide better insights into their roles in efflux pump activities and localization, and drug susceptibilities.
The fellowship for attending the National and International Science conferences and symposium in India.
The ScienceIN offers fellowship to support the scholars for attending the national and international science conferences and symposium in India. The ‘Conference Fellowship’ from The ScienceIN covers the full registration fee of participants (preferably young researchers – Ph.D. students, Research Associates, PDFs, and young faculty/scientists) via either waive off (for future sponsored conferences) or refund (already completed conferences).
Conference fellowship for 2024
At present 50 Conference Fellowships are available for the participants of the
CRSI – National Symposium in Chemistry – 32 held at BITS Pilani, Pilani 2-4 Feb 2024.
The participants of the CRSI-NSC-32 can claim the refund of their registration fee (full – excluding other fee, if any) if they have published any article in JMC or ML (or can publish an article in JMC or ML before the last date (i.e. 31-Oct-24) for claim). – Submit your registration fee slip (snap or online transfer details) and title of published article (JMC/ML) to the pubs@thesciencein.org for refund. – Provide the bank details/upi id for online refund of your registration fee (the fellowship will be directly credited in Scholar’s account). – One author from respective article will be eligible for refund. – Articles published or accepted for publication before the last date of claim (31-Oct-2024) will be eligible of this fellowship. – First come first served will be the process for disbursing the fellowships. – It is for Indian Scholars only (fellowship in INR will be credited).
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All future announcements related to Conference fellowships will be on this page, scholars can visit this page for open fellowships for attending the science conference.
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1. R. Ping, M. Laura, P.S. Mario. Title of the journal article should be included here. Int. Lett.Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4439–4449. 2. B.K. Sharma. Ph.D. Dissertation, Thesis Title, Cornell University, 1995. 3. R. Hussain, D. Shinkoi. Title of book like Synthesis and application of ionic liquid, John Wiley & Sons: New York, 2010. 4. R.S. Buchanod, D.K. Reddy. In Selective Organic Transformations; T.R. Thyagarajan, Ed.; Integrated science: New York, 2002; Vol. 2, pp 1–95. 5. G.L. Loyale, U.S. Patent 5 934 456, 1998; Chem. Abstr. 1998, 65, 2870.
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A special issue on recent advancements in the field of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences encompassing research endeavours related to drug discovery and design, therapeutic delivery systems and approaches, structural/cell/immuno-biology, bioinformatics, nano-/bio-materials, biosensors and biomedical devices, environmental remediation and toxicology, agricultural biotechnology and application of artificial intelligence/machine learning tools for better health and safe environment.
The SGVU – Biotechnology Business Incubator and School of Applied Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University (SGVU), Jaipur, India is organizing an International Conference on BIOTECH NEXUS-2024- “Recent Advances in Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences” on 26th- 27th April 2024. The conference aims at bringing together scientists working in the field of cutting-edge biotechnology and biomedical sciences to discuss groundbreaking advancements that have the potential to address urgent demands of healthcare and agriculture. The conference will serve as avenue for promoting global network among expert scientists and industry personnel to showcase the research developments. The event provides the opportunity to researchers at various levels for showcasing recent developments and ideas to overcome bottlenecks towards improved health and environment.
The breakthroughs in biotechnology and nanobiotechnology are playing a crucial role in improving the healthcare services for modifying treatment procedures and enhancing patient outcomes. The products of biotechnology have been significantly commercialized while providing promising solutions to biotechnology bottlenecks. In contrast, biotechnology has remarkably influenced the field of agriculture while managing crop production relating to food and medicine. On the other hand, continued advancements in biomedical sciences have been underpinning the with a great hope for successful treatments of different human health disorders.
This special issue will cover the recent developments in research pertaining to the development of new natural and synthetic drug candidates, innovative therapeutic delivery systems and methods, nano-/biomaterials and their application, novel biosensors, biomolecule detection technologies and biomedical devices, studying molecular and cellular mechanisms in stem cell and cancer research, studying immune system function and development and immunotherapeutic approaches, progress in Computational biology and bioinformatics, diverse tools for environmental remediation and environmental toxicology, tools and technologies in agricultural sciences and AI applications in health care.
Themes of special issue
Natural/synthetic Products in drug discovery and design
Innovative drug/Gene delivery systems in non-communicable disorders
Nano-/Biomaterials, Biosensors and Biomedical devices
Stem cell and cancer research biology
Immunobiology and cell biology
Molecular Dynamics, Structural Biology and Bioinformatics
Environmental Remediation and Toxicology
Sustainable Agribiotech Solutions
Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning and OMICS
Guest Editors
Prof. (Dr.) Gaurav Sharma Professor and Principal School of Applied Sciences Suresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur, India
Dr. Neha Kapoor Associate Professor School of Applied Sciences Suresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur, India
Dr. Krishan Kumar Associate Professor School of Applied Sciences Suresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur, India
Date Schedule
Article Submission: 10-May-2024
Issue Completion: 30-August-2024
Submission
Authors need to submit their articles to guest editors/conference secretariat for preliminary evaluation and peer -reviewing. Final accepted article will have to be submitted on (the recommended) respective journal site).
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel sulfamoyl benzamides as allosteric activators of human glucokinase
Glucokinase (GK) activators, which target the GK enzyme, are an emerging class of therapeutics with promising effects against diabetes. The objective of this work was to create a new group of sulfamoyl benzamide derivatives with the ability to activate GK and evaluate their effectiveness in treating diabetes. From benzoic acid, several compounds containing sulfamoyl benzamide scaffold were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to activate GK in an in vitro enzymatic experiment. In silico docking analyses were employed to explore how the most suitable arrangements in the allosteric area of the GK enzyme interact during binding. The effectiveness of the identified substances in reducing high blood sugar levels was assessed using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in healthy rats. This evaluation was based on the results of laboratory tests on enzymes and in silico simulations. One of the most active compounds from the antihyperglycemic assay was then tested for its antidiabetic effects in an induced diabetic rat OGTT assay. The in vitro GK activation was best among compounds 1, 6, and 8 (activation fold: 2.03-2.09). In the OGTT assay (normal rats), compounds 1 and 6 showed promising antihyperglycemic activity. In vivo antidiabetic assay confirmed the consistency with in silico and in vitro outcomes. The newly synthesized derivatives of sulfamoyl benzamide have the potential to be used as a basis for the development of further GK activators that are both safe and efficacious and can be administered orally. These activators may be used as therapeutic agents to treat type 2 diabetes.
Molecular pathways with role to play in oral cancer: A mini-review
Oral cancer is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer worldwide and third in India out of the different cancer types identified. Mouth and oral cancers collectively refer to cancers of the buccal cavity, lips, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx. Genetic anomalies, the upregulation of several proteins, the deregulation of tumor-suppressive and oncogenes, and risk factors like alcohol and tobacco consumption are a few examples of the known irregularities that contribute to the development of oral cancer through the accumulation of various carcinogenic substances. Oral cancer is caused and developed by multiple molecular and cellular pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway, Wnt signaling, NF-κB pathway, Hippo pathway, etc. In addition, various genes including TP53, PTEN, CDKN2A, HRAS, PIK3CA, NOTCH1, IRF6, TP63, etc. are also involved in this malignancy. Therefore, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of these pathways to properly understand the development of oral cancer. This short review focuses on compiling together various signaling and molecular pathways accountable for oral carcinoma development.
Synthesis of Indole-Oxadiazole coupled isoxazole hybrids as potent EGFR targeting anticancer agents
The synthesis of new indole-oxadiazole coupled isoxazole hybrids (6a–o) synthesized by the Cu(I)-catalyzed reaction of in situ generated nitrile oxides with 3-(3,5-dichloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole in good yields have been reported here. The chemical structures of all newly synthesized hybrids were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and Mass spectra. All synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against two breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 respectively. All the derivatives were more active against MCF7 than MDA-MB-231 cancer cells and few compounds showed better activity than the standard erlotinib. The ability of more potent compounds to inhibit EGFR tyrosine kinase, one of the key enzymes involved in breast carcinomas was evaluated by in vitro enzymatic assay and it was found that the compound (6g) and (6m) had more inhibitory activity IC50 values 0.311±0.05 and 0.203±0.03 mM than erlotinib (IC50=0.421±0.03 mM).
Synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-Triazole derivatives for investigation of inhibition and molecular docking studies against Xanthine Oxidase
This study evaluates the inhibition effect of new 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles against Xanthine Oxidase supplemented by molecular modelling. Nine compounds of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles by Sharpless’s approach have been synthesized in this report. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized using FT-IR, 1H and 13C-NMR and Mass spectroscopies Among these synthesized molecules (5-bromothiophen-2-yl)(1-(3-fluorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)methanone (9f) and (5-Bromothiophen-2-yl(1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)methanone (9h) showed better activity against Xanthine oxidase (XO) compared to allopurinol. In the light of the XO inhibition results, triazoles having of ketone moiety (9f-i) were found to be more active than triazoles of ketone-free (9a-e). These results were supported by docking models. The docking calculations of the target XO with nine available compounds showed good binding energies with favourable binding interactions. These findings were particularly evident that 9f (BE -7.29 kcal/mol) and 9h (BE -7.59 kcal/mol) are represented encouraging higher inhibition properties towards xanthine oxidase (XO), compared to allopurinol as a reference compound. Significant binding energies and interactions obtained by performing the docking studies are demonstrated, in particular, that the compounds 9f and 9h may be more potential bio compounds than the positive compounds, allopurinol, and febuxostat.
Impact of resistin gene polymorphism on insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes in Iraqi Babylon province patients
Resistin is cysteine-rich polypeptide produced by adipocytes and macrophages. This study aims to assess the role of resistin and its gene polymorphisms (rs-34861192 G>A, NG-023447 C>G) as potential link between obesity and insulin resistance in the development of T2DM. Blood samples were collected from 120 participants (60 control are divided into 30 normal weight and 30 obese without T2DM) and (60 patients of Type 2 dm DM) are divided into 30 normal weight and 30 obese). Resistin and insulin levels were increased significantly in the patients’ group (p<0.05). Gene analysis indicated that rs-34861192 was associated significantly (P<0.01) with T2DM in dominant, recessive, and co-dominant models. The rs-34861192 AA genotype showed a significant difference in normal-weight and obese T2DM compared to control (P<0.001) only. The significant difference of GG genotype in normal-weight patients than control exclusively. In the diabetic patients, mutant genotype (AA) of rs34861192 was associated with circulating resistin level. The expression of retn gene was high. Genotype AA of rs- 34861192 was correlated positively with folding change. Mutant AA of rs-34861192 G>A plays an important role in development of T2DM through its effect on resistin levels in the circulation that considered as a major factor for developing T2DM.